") no-repeat center center;background-size:10px 16px;content:' '}@media(min-width:768px){.UeJNJ::before{display:none}}@media(min-width:1000px){.lfyduH .taboola{display:none}}.lfyduH:has(#taboola-carousel-thumbnails){min-height:426px}.lfyduH:has(#taboola-mid-article-thumbnails-crime){min-height:405px}@media(min-width:1000px){.lfyduH:has(#taboola-carousel-thumbnails),.lfyduH:has(#taboola-mid-article-thumbnails-crime){min-height:0}}.dOsHXs{display:block;margin:0 0 16px;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.cAWJSb{width:32px}.cAWJSb,.cAWJSb:focus{color:#627aac;color:light-dark(#627aac,#627aac)}.cAWJSb:hover,.cAWJSb:active,.cAWJSb:focus-visible{color:#9cabcb;color:light-dark(#9cabcb,#9cabcb)}@media(min-width:768px){.cAWJSb.mobile-only{display:none}}.kvSIBL{width:32px}.kvSIBL,.kvSIBL:focus{color:#4e4e4e;color:light-dark(#4e4e4e,#4e4e4e)}.kvSIBL:hover,.kvSIBL:active,.kvSIBL:focus-visible{color:#919191;color:light-dark(#919191,#919191)}@media(min-width:768px){.kvSIBL.mobile-only{display:none}}.fAfNYP{width:32px}.fAfNYP,.fAfNYP:focus{color:#25d366;color:light-dark(#25d366,#25d366)}.fAfNYP:hover,.fAfNYP:active,.fAfNYP:focus-visible{color:#66e093;color:light-dark(#66e093,#66e093)}@media(min-width:768px){.fAfNYP.mobile-only{display:none}}.gazbmb{width:32px}.gazbmb,.gazbmb:focus{color:#eb1426;color:light-dark(#eb1426,#eb1426)}.gazbmb:hover,.gazbmb:active,.gazbmb:focus-visible{color:#f58992;color:light-dark(#f58992,#f58992)}@media(min-width:768px){.gazbmb.mobile-only{display:none}}.dzqQwN{display:flex;gap:12px}.sQzGY{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;gap:12px}.HOCae{display:flex;position:relative;justify-content:center}@media(min-width:768px){.HOCae{justify-content:flex-end;padding-top:12px;margin:0}}.dMzikD{display:flex}.sticky .dMzikD{flex-direction:column}.eNtfUX{overflow:hidden;height:23px;margin-bottom:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#d3d3d3,#919191);clear:both}@media(min-width:768px){.eNtfUX{height:25px}}.fvIzys{display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0;margin:0 12px 0 0;font:bold 14px/normal 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.fvIzys::after{content:':'}.knjHva{display:inline-block;margin-right:12px;margin-bottom:4px;color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff);font:normal 14px/1.29 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-decoration:underline}.knjHva::first-letter {text-transform:capitalize}@media(min-width:1000px){.subscribed .eWHDRo{margin-top:-184px}.article-feature:not(.article-feature-video) .subscribed .eWHDRo{margin-top:-407px}}.eWHDRo>p{margin:16px 0}.article-premium .eWHDRo>p{line-height:27px}.eWHDRo>h2{font-size:21px}.article-climate .eWHDRo>h2{color:#eb1426;color:light-dark(#eb1426,#eb1426)}.article-sgi .eWHDRo>h2{color:#eb1426;color:light-dark(#eb1426,#eb1426)}.eWHDRo>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.eWHDRo span:first-child~p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.FtcnY{display:flex;position:relative;max-width:100%;min-height:600px;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto;background-color:transparent;clear:both}@media(min-width:1000px){.FtcnY{min-height:450px}}.teads .FtcnY{display:block}.FtcnY [data-mpu]{position:sticky;top:16px}@media(min-width:1000px){.cCcguK{display:none}}.cCcguK[data-mpu1]{min-height:600px}.cCcguK.pb-20{padding-bottom:20px}.PYnPb{display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0;border-radius:50%;background:#eb1426;background:light-dark(#eb1426,#eb1426);color:#fff;color:light-dark(#fff,#fff)}.htbkgu{background:#000;background:light-dark(#000,#000)}.fjRamU{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.ihgOiD{display:flex;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.jhJxRW{width:10%}.btvJEK{max-width:100%}.SHZXj{position:relative;aspect-ratio:16/9}.SHZXj>div,.SHZXj>img{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%}.dJohAu.fullscreen{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:3000000000;width:100%;height:100%;background:#000;background:light-dark(#000,#000)}.dJohAu .btn{position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;width:25px;height:25px;color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff);font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px;line-height:25px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:1000px){.hTSQsN{position:relative}}.hTSQsN .jw-flag-floating.jw-floating-dismissible .jw-wrapper{bottom:2rem}.hTSQsN .jw-flag-floating .jw-wrapper{right:0}.hTSQsN .jw-flag-floating .jw-wrapper.jw-float-to-top{top:0;bottom:auto}@keyframes slidedown-video{from{transform:translateY(-100%)}to{transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes slideup-video{from{transform:translateY(200%)}to{transform:translateY(0)}}.pQXSt .video-top-container-inner{position:relative}.pQXSt .video-popout-close{display:none}.pQXSt .video-hero-wrapper-inner{display:block}.pQXSt .video-hero-video{width:100%;margin:0;transition:height .2s}.pQXSt .video-hero-wrapper.sticky-video{position:fixed;top:95px;width:400px;margin-left:-332px;transition:margin-left .3s,top .3s .1s}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video{position:static;right:0;left:auto;width:100%}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video.liveblog{margin-left:-12px}@media(min-width:768px){.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video{position:absolute;width:400px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video{top:94px;right:-56px}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video.liveblog{right:-400px}}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video .video-sticky-video{position:fixed;top:0;left:auto;z-index:101;width:100%;background-color:#222;background-color:light-dark(#222,#222);box-shadow:0 0 40px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);box-shadow:0 0 40px 10px light-dark(rgba(0,0,0,0.5),rgba(0,0,0,0.5));transition:top 150ms ease-out}@media(min-width:768px){.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video .video-sticky-video{left:auto;width:400px;animation:slidedown-video .4s}}@media(min-width:1000px){.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video .video-sticky-video{top:auto;bottom:0;animation:slideup-video .4s}}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-popout-close{display:none;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;padding:4px 8px 3px;color:#fff;color:light-dark(#fff,#fff);cursor:pointer;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:14px}@media(min-width:1000px){.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-popout-close{justify-content:flex-start}}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-popout-close::after{display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:4px;content:'\2715';font-size:12px}.pQXSt .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-popout-close.shown{display:flex}@media(min-width:320px){.pQXSt.video-top-wrapper-small .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video:not(.liveblog) .video-sticky-video{left:calc(50% - 160px);width:320px}}@media(min-width:768px){.pQXSt.video-top-wrapper-small .video-top-container.video.sticky:not(.closed) .video-hero-video:not(.liveblog) .video-sticky-video{left:auto;width:400px}}.eBMXOi{max-width:100%;clear:both}.jasvOK{min-height:600px}@media(min-width:1000px){.jasvOK{min-height:450px}}.jasvOK.mobile-only{display:block}@media(min-width:1000px){.jasvOK.mobile-only{display:none}}.jasvOK.desktop-only{display:none}@media(min-width:1000px){.jasvOK.desktop-only{display:block;margin-bottom:16px}}.jasvOK.desktop-only+p{margin-top:0}.jasvOK .third-party-ad{position:sticky;top:16px}.hwHfTs{width:100%;flex-grow:1}.hwHfTs .social-share{width:100%;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:20px}@media(min-width:768px){.hwHfTs .social-share{justify-content:flex-start}}.hwHfTs .social-share.sticky{display:none}@media(min-width:1000px){.hwHfTs .social-share.sticky{display:flex;position:sticky;top:14px;width:34px;flex-direction:column;padding-top:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:-25%}.hwHfTs .social-share.sticky .sc-mgcah7-0{margin:0 0 16px}.article-feature-video .hwHfTs .social-share.sticky{margin-top:0}.article-feature:not(.article-feature-video) .hwHfTs .social-share.sticky{margin-top:35%}}.hwHfTs.sponsored-article img,.hwHfTs.sponsored-article video{width:100%;max-width:602px;height:auto}.hwHfTs.sponsored-article iframe{max-width:602px;max-height:400px}.hwHfTs .under-article-prompt-donations{padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:-3px}.hwHfTs .big-letter{--color:#222;display:flex;position:relative;width:0;height:0;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:40px;margin-top:22px;margin-right:12px;border:1px solid var(--color);float:left;font:normal 52px/1 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;text-transform:uppercase}.hwHfTs .big-letter:first-child{margin-top:6px}.hwHfTs .big-letter::before{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--color);border-radius:50%;content:''}.hwHfTs #taboola-below-article-1{min-height:2350px}@media(min-width:768px){.hwHfTs #taboola-below-article-1{min-height:3370px}}.hwHfTs #taboola-below-article-1-split-num-1{min-height:130px}@media(min-width:768px){.hwHfTs #taboola-below-article-1-split-num-1{min-height:415px}}.hwHfTs .sc-fwko30-0+.sc-1xtsh2b-0{margin-top:-16px}@media(min-width:768px){.hwHfTs{max-width:636px;margin:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.hwHfTs{max-width:624px;margin:0}.hwHfTs.subscribed{max-width:636px}}@media(max-width:999px){.hwHfTs{padding-right:0}.hwHfTs .under-article-prompt-donations{margin-top:-18px}}.hwHfTs .anchor-nav-header{scroll-margin-top:79px}.hwHfTs .anchor-nav-header a{color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff)}.hwHfTs .anchor-nav-header a:hover{color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff)}@supports(color:light-dark(red,red)){.hwHfTs .big-letter{--color:light-dark(#222,#fff)}}.dsJlUM{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:8px;color:#d3d3d3;color:light-dark(#d3d3d3,#d3d3d3);font:normal 16px/20px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}@media(min-width:768px){.dsJlUM{width:70%;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:0;font:normal 16px/24px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dsJlUM{width:70%;margin-bottom:0}}.dMNxBE{display:flex;height:20px;margin:0 12px 8px 0}.article-voices .dMNxBE{height:auto}@media(min-width:425px){.article-voices .dMNxBE{height:20px}}.dMNxBE::before{display:inline-block;align-self:center;margin-top:1px;margin-right:12px;content:'\2022';transform:scale(1.5)}.dMNxBE:first-child::before{content:none}@media(min-width:768px){.dMNxBE{height:24px;margin-bottom:0}.dMNxBE::before{margin-top:2px}}.dMNxBE time{display:block}.dMNxBE time::first-letter {text-transform:capitalize}.efpEY{display:inline-block;margin:0 12px 8px 0;color:#ef4757;color:light-dark(#ef4757,#ef4757);font:bold 16px/20px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.5px}.efpEY:hover,.efpEY:active{color:#f58992;color:light-dark(#f58992,#f58992)}@media(min-width:768px){.efpEY{margin-bottom:0}}.bMRmfY{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0;margin:0 0 16px}@media(min-width:768px){.bMRmfY{display:flex;width:30%;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;margin:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.bMRmfY{width:30%}}.dfBarH{padding-top:0;border-top:0;border-bottom:0}@media(min-width:768px){.dfBarH{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;padding-bottom:16px}.dfBarH .sc-mzrbq8-0{order:1}.dfBarH .sc-mzrbq8-6{order:2}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dfBarH{flex-direction:row}}.hGmenI{padding:16px 12px 12px;text-align:left;font:bold 14px/18px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}@media(min-width:768px){.hGmenI{padding:16px 16px 12px}}.article-infact .hGmenI{padding:16px 0}@media(min-width:1000px){.hGmenI{padding:24px 0 19px}.article-feature .hGmenI{max-width:968px;margin:0 auto}}.hGmenI a{color:#fff;color:light-dark(#fff,#fff)}.hGmenI a:hover{color:#f58992;color:light-dark(#f58992,#f58992)}.hGmenI a:hover::after{color:#fff;color:light-dark(#fff,#fff)}.hGmenI a::after{margin-right:4px;margin-left:4px;content:'>'}.hGmenI a:last-child::after{display:none}.gbPKFW{margin:0 0 20px;letter-spacing:0}.bulCXp{margin:0;color:#d3d3d3;color:light-dark(#d3d3d3,#d3d3d3);font:normal 16px/20px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}@media(min-width:768px){.bulCXp{font:normal 18px/22px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}}@media(min-width:1000px){.bulCXp{font:normal 20px/24px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}}.bulCXp p{font:inherit}.article-feature .bulCXp a{font-weight:bold}.gOoYlj{max-width:968px;margin:0 auto;background:#222;background:light-dark(#222,#222)}@media(min-width:1000px){.parallax .gOoYlj{max-width:1240px}}.fdtMsm{font:bold 32px/36px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0156em}@media(min-width:768px){.fdtMsm{font:bold 44px/48px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0113em}}@media(min-width:1000px){.fdtMsm{font:bold 54px/58px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0092em}}.cuYuhQ{background:#222;background:light-dark(#222,#222)}.cuYuhQ .sc-qvufca-1{max-width:968px;background:#222;background:light-dark(#222,#222)}.cuYuhQ .sc-qvufca-0{margin:0}@media(max-width:999px){.cuYuhQ .sc-qvufca-0{margin:0 12px 0}}.cuYuhQ .sc-qvufca-2,.cuYuhQ .sc-1cmj4ml-0{color:#fff;color:light-dark(#fff,#fff)}.cuYuhQ .sc-qvufca-2{margin:0 0 20px}.cuYuhQ .sc-1cmj4ml-0{margin-bottom:16px}@media(min-width:1000px){.kFNaRc .sc-qvufca-1{padding:0 16px}}.fzuCgM{overflow:hidden;height:0;color:transparent}.fmcHss{max-width:100%;margin:0 0 20px}.fmcHss.sticky{position:sticky;top:16px}.hlxBlR{min-height:600px}.hlxBlR #mpu1,.hlxBlR #sidebar1{position:sticky;top:16px}.geUkoM{position:relative;top:1px;color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff);text-decoration:none}.foWGns{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px;padding:12px 0 12px;margin:0;font:bold 24px/28px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.0208em}@media(min-width:768px){.foWGns{font:bold 28px/32px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.0178em}}@media(min-width:1000px){.foWGns{padding:12px 0 12px}}.foWGns .sc-1qoqv7v-1{position:relative;top:1px;color:#222;color:light-dark(#222,#fff);text-decoration:none}.heAsFJ{--size:28px;width:var(--size);height:var(--size);flex-shrink:0}@media(min-width:768px){.heAsFJ{--size:32px}}.heAsFJ svg{width:100%;height:100%}.bkpWNY{max-width:100%;margin-bottom:16px}.gDgfia{--gap:12px;display:flex;overflow:hidden;min-height:390px;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--gap);padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.gDgfia li{padding:0 0 var(--gap);margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#d3d3d3,#919191)}.fgtiQY{min-height:1924px}@media(max-width:767px){.fgtiQY{display:none}}.eqQkhO{width:308px;min-height:100%;margin-left:auto}.eqQkhO.hidden{display:none}@media(max-width:999px){.eqQkhO{display:none}}.article-liveblog .dzfINj{background-color:#f7f7f7;background-color:light-dark(#f7f7f7,#222)}.jBkNwU{justify-content:center}.cumEve{justify-content:center}
Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent Notifications can be managed in browser preferences.
Not now Yes please
Noticias Ciencia Retiran por primera vez máscaras mortuorias de momias colombianas para revelar sus rostros Investigadores reconstruyen de forma digital los rostros de cuatro individuos con estándares anatómicos
Read in English Un grupo de arqueólogos en Colombia logró desenmascarar momias prehispánicas y reconstruir digitalmente sus rostros, lo que aporta nueva información sobre las prácticas culturales de los pueblos indígenas de Sudamérica .
Varias culturas precolombinas elaboraban máscaras funerarias que se fusionaban con los cuerpos momificados de forma tan precisa que parecían conservar vida.
Estas piezas se fabricaban con ceras y resinas, y en ocasiones incluían oro u otros materiales decorativos.
En un estudio reciente, los investigadores analizaron cuatro máscaras de momias que forman parte de la colección del Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia.
Las máscaras cubrían el rostro y la mandíbula de un niño, una mujer de unos 60 años y dos hombres jóvenes adultos, pertenecientes a poblaciones que habitaron los Andes colombianos entre los años 1216 y 1797 d. C.
Arqueólogos “desenmascaran” cráneos de momias con técnicas digitales para reconstruir rostros (Face Lab, Liverpool John Moores University) Aunque algunas piezas estaban dañadas, con partes faltantes en la nariz o en la base, aún conservaban cuentas ornamentales en los ojos.
El equipo aplicó escaneos de rayos X en tomografía computarizada (CT) para “retirar” digitalmente las máscaras y generar imágenes en 3D de los rostros subyacentes.
A partir de cortes en 2D reconstruyeron los cráneos, un proceso que, según explicaron a Live Science , fue el equivalente a “desenmascarar digitalmente” los cráneos.
Luego, realizaron un análisis facial de los cuatro modelos y reconstruyeron la apariencia de los individuos basándose en estándares anatómicos.
Con un software especializado añadieron músculos, tejido blando y grasa sobre cada cráneo, hasta obtener una estructura facial ajustada con precisión.
Para lograr mayor exactitud, usaron datos sobre el grosor de tejidos faciales de adultos colombianos modernos.
“Son piezas de una elaboración extraordinaria y, por ahora, no se conocen otras semejantes en Colombia”, comentó Felipe Cárdenas-Arroyo, de la Academia Colombiana de Historia.
Por su parte, Jessica Liu, investigadora de la Universidad John Moores de Liverpool , subrayó que este proyecto resalta las “fascinantes prácticas culturales” de los pueblos indígenas de Sudamérica y expresó su deseo de que mostrar por primera vez los rostros despierte “más interés” en estas civilizaciones increíbles.
Traducción de Leticia Zampedri
Thank you for registering Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in Please refresh your browser to be logged in